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The House (Casa) de Silva Fernández de Híjar (or Ixar) Portugal had its origin from the marriage ties of the house de Silva , with the house of Fernández de Ixar 〔(“Recuerdos de Híjar” (1980) di Mariano Laborda Gracia )〕〔(“Archivo ducal de Hijar: catalogo de los fondos del antiguo ducado de Hijar (1268-1919).” (1997) di José Casaus Ballester )〕 and the House de Portugal (doña Ana (1570-1629)〔 (descendant from doña Isabel de Portugal (1364-1395) natural child of don Fernando I of Borgogna king of Portugal ). Marriage ties which created one of the most ancient, important, and richest families of Spain and Portugal (probably descendant from Visigothic kings).〔 A family which has given a great number of Grandes of Spain, viceroys, famous military figures, politicians, statesmen, clergymen, saints, scholars, artists, architects; to the kingdom first and to the Spanish Empire later, to nowadays. == History == Talking about this House, it is very important, in order to understand its history, to keep in mind that, as we can see from the genealogical account above, the inheritance of the primary lines of Ixar and of Portugal takes place by matrilineal descent thanks to the royal concession granted by Ferdinand the Catholic in 1483,〔 to natural children, legally recognized, of kings. The origins of the House de Silva, later on known as de Silva Fernández de Híjar Portugal, are, like all the origins of the ancient aristocratic families of the High Middle Ages, uncertain as far as documentation is concerned. The most ancient version accepted by famous genealogists, such as de Salazar y Castro〔( “Salazar y Castro”, Enciclopedia Italiana Treccani )〕 considers as the head of the House de Silva, don Aznar Fruela infante de Leon (descendant of the Dukes of Cantabria) third son of don Fruela II and of doña Nunilo Ximena de Navarra. From his marriage there was born don Pelayo I Fruela de Leon called “the Deacon”(?-1032) who, marrying doña Aldonza Ordonez de Asturias y Leon, had don Pelayo Peláez (1030-1110) )〔 infante de Carion, lord of Cjsneros and “Ricohombre”〔“Ricoshombres” were called the ancient nobles of the Kingdoms of Castille and Leon. With the dynasty of the Trastamara, 1369-1516, the title of “Grande” began to be used instead of “Ricoshombres”. With the following reformation of Carlo V, there will be called Grandes the possessors of the twenty-five main stocks of Spain: Grandes of first Class of Spain.〕 of Castiglia. From him (whose wife is unknown)〔 was born don Gutierre Peláez (1030-1110) (later on “don Gutierre Peláez de Silva” because of his homonymous possession), lord (señor) of Lugares, Alderete de Insam y Sufam y de la Quinta y Torre de Silva, from where came the origin of the surname of his descendants and of the House.〔〔 The contemporary version states instead that don Gutierre Peláez (1030-1110), then “Gutierre Peláez de Silva” lord of Lugares, Alderete de Insam y Sufam y de la Quinta and Torre de Silva, was a knight who became ”Ricohombre”, noble and probably counsellor of Henry of Borgogna, thanks to his military bravery in the conquest of Portugal. He, probably, took part in the conquest of Cordoba, too, in 1064. But whatever his historical origins were, one of the most famous descendants of don Gutierre Peláez de Silva was don Ruy Gomez II de Silva y Meneses (1517-1573) Grande of Spain, prince of Eboli, first duke of Pastrana, V lord of Ulme and Chamusca; great statesman and best friend/counsellor of Philip II of Asburgo king of Spain.〔 From his marriage with doña Ana de Mendoza de la Creda y de Silva Cifuentes (one of the most beautiful women of Spain ), there were born ten children. One of them, don Rodrigo de Silva y Mendoza (1562-1596) II duke of Pastrana, marrying doña Ana de Portugal y Borja (1570-1629), descendant from the king Ferdinand I of Portugal, gave origin to the lineage De Silva Portugal; whereas another son, don Diego de Silva y Mendoza (1564-1630), I marquess of Alenquer and III duke of Francavilla, gave origin to the lineage De Silva Alenquer. Lineage that from the marriage between his son don Rodrigo de Silva Mendoza y Sarmiento (1600-1664) and doña Isabel Fernández de Ixar (V duchess of Ixar, who by her own decree created her husband duke of Ixar,〔〔The Royal concession of 1483 not only gave the faculty to the House of Híjar, then de Silva Fernández de Híjar, to transmit the name by matrilineal descent but also, and to their pleasure, all the titles and feuds in their possession. For example, under the title of the duke of Híjar, the titles always passed to the firstborn (male or female): majorat. Among the many titles there are four which are very important: count duke of Aliaga, count of Palma del Rio, count de Belchite, marquess of Orani. These titles-feuds were completely in the hand of the duke of Híjar, with absolute power as it happens nowadays too. The Duke could keep them for himself, as it usually happened, or give them over for a limited period. But, at the death of the usufructuary (usually a son or a daughter), they had to go back to the House of Híjar or to be reconfirmed to the grandson/granddaughter or great-grandson/great-granddaughter as the titles were always tied to the dukedom of Híjar. )〕 became De Silva Fernández de Ixar. The union of the two lineages, which brought to the birth of the House de Silva Fernández de Híjar Portugal, took place when don Fabrique III de Silva Portugal (1672-1700) IV marquess of Orani, in the second half of the 17th century, married his IV degree cousin doña Juana Petronilla de Silva Fernández de Ixar (1669-1710) VII duchess de Ixar or Híjar.〔〔〔 The following division of the house De Silva Fernández de Híjar Portugal into three lineages (two Spanish and one Italian〔Historical Archive De Silva Fernández de Portugal Híjar of Turin, years 1801-1951. Original documents not present in the Historical Archive of the Province of Zaragoza and in the Ducal Archive of Híjar.〕), was due to three children born from the two marriages of don Andres Avelino de Silva Fernández de Híjar Portugal y Fernández de Cordoba (1806-1885)〔(don Andrés Avelino de Silva Fernández de Ixar Portugal y Fernández de Cordoba )〕 XIV count-duke of Aliaga and count of Palma del Rio. From the first wedding with doña Josefina de Ferrari y Bonet (1819-1876)〔(doña Josefina de Ferrari y Bonet )〕 (daughter of don Jeronimo de Ferrari of Parma, “Kapellmeister” of king Ferdinando VII of Borbone) was born doña Josefa Maria del Carmen de Silva Fernández de Híjar Portugal (1837-1906);〔Archivo Historico Provincial de Zaragoza - Archivo Ducal de Hijar〕 who, with her daughter -doña María Dolores (1861-1923)- and with doña María Dolores’s son don Vittorio Umberto de Silva Fernández de Híjar Portugal (1881/1954) (son whom doña Maria Dolores de Silva Fernández de Híjar Portugal had with don Carlos Maria Fitz James Stuart y Portocarrero Palafox (1849-1901)XVI duke of Alba ) by matrilineal descent gave origin to the Italian lineage still in existence.〔Municipal Historical Archive of Milan. Complete Family status 11.09.1869 (family coming from Paris)〕 From his second wedding with doña Mary Caroline Elisabeth Campbell y Vincent (1820-1894)〔(doña Mary Caroline Elisabeth Campbell y Vincent )〕 were born ten children of whom two, 〕], gave origin to the two Spanish lineages still in existence, too. The Spanish lineage of Alfonso I, like it had already happened to the House De Silva Fernández de Ixar Portugal with two unions between the De Silva and the Fitz James Stuart,〔〔 rejoined the descendants of James Fitz-James I duke of Berwick (1670-1734) (son, who James II Stuart (1633-1701) king of England had with Arabella Churchill y Drake (1648-1730) sister of John Churchill I Duke of Marlborough ) when doña Maria del Rosario de Silva Fernández de Híjar Portugal y Guterbey(1900-1934) married don Jacob Fitz James Stuart (1878-1953) IX Duke of Berwick and XVII duke of Alba.〔 In this way, by matrilineal descent, the Spanish lineage of the De Silva joined the dukedom of Híjar and its titles with the House Fitz James Stuart y de Silva Fernández de Híjar Portugal. Whereas the descendants of don Jaime have just the titles of dukes of Lecera and dukes of Bournonville, the Fitz James Stuart y de Silva hold, actually, the majority of the titles of the House De Silva. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「De Silva Fernández de Híjar Portugal family」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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